Citing References Using NLM Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation

The citation information on this page comes from the following source.  Use this primary source for comprehensive information.

Patrias, Karen. Citing medicine: the NLM style guide for authors, editors, and publishers [Internet]. 2nd ed. Wendling, Daniel L., technical editor. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2007 [cited 2007 November 15]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/citingmedicine

Journal Article

Kaminski J,  Andrews K, Hatch SW, et al. New England eye care survey. Journal of the American Optometric Association  1997 Oct;68(10):651-6.

Voorhees LI, Ryan JB, Hopping RL,  et al.  Men and women in optometry II. Attitudes toward career and family. J Am Optom Assoc 1997 Jul;68(7):435-47.

Note: Titles can be Medline abbreviation or a full title.  After the 3rd author, use et al.

Full Book

American Optometric Association.  Caring for the eyes of America, 1998: a profile of the optometric profession. St. Louis: The Association, 1996.  36 pp.

Hawkins, Daniel R.; Rosenbaum, Sara. Lives in the balance; a national and county profile of America’s medically underserved.  Washington (DC): National Association of Community Health Centers, 1992.

Bailar, John C.; Mosteller, Frederick, ed(s). Medical uses of statistics. 2^nd ed. Boston: NEJM Books; 1992. 449p.

Note: Pages at the end of the citation are optional.

Parts of Books

US optical industry handbook 1996. NY: Jobson Publishing Corporation; 1996. Defining the market. A portrait of the wearer; p. 11-2.

US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 1998 with socioeconomic status and health chartbook. Hyattsville (Md): The Department; 1998. Table 103. Active health personnel according to occupation and geographic region: United States, 1980, 1990, and 1995; p. 326.

CD-ROM Database and its parts

Census USA [database on CDROM]: the most current census information on US households. Omaha (NE): American Business Information; 1998. Updated annually. 1 compact disc. System Requirements: IBM PC compatible. Minumum 8 MB Ram, Minimum 70 MB disk space, Windows 3.1 or higher, CD-ROM drive with Microsoft CD extensions 2.1 or higher.

Census USA [database on CDROM]: the most current census information on US households. Omaha (NE): American Business Information; 1998. Age Groups for Maynard, Massachusetts; [1 screen].

Internet Documents

Online Monograph
Patrias, Karen. Citing medicine: the NLM style guide for authors, editors, and publishers [Internet]. 2nd ed. Wendling, Daniel L., technical editor. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2007 [cited 2007 November 15]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/citingmedicine

Online Journal Article:

Watanabe, Ronald K.  Investigating a new lens care combination.  Contact Lens Spectrum [Internet]. 1998 [cited 2001 Aug 15]; 18(12):47-48. Available from: http://www.clspectrum.com/archive_results.asp?loc=archive\1998\ December\1298047.htm

Online Journal Article from a Database:

Thorn F, Thorn S.  Television captions for hearing-impaired people: a study of key factors that affect reading performance.  Human Factors 1996 Sep; 38(3):452-463.  In: Health Reference Center- Academic [Internet].  Farmington Hills (MI): The Gale Group; [cited 2001 Aug 15].  Available from: http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/1/1/1/purl=rc6_HRCA [Enter the unique identifier number or database accession number here if applicable, without the brackets.]

Web Site

Registry of Motor Vehicles.  Vision Policy Statement [Internet].  Boston (MA);  Commonwealth of Massachusetts; c1998  [cited 2001 Aug 15].  Available from: http://www.mass.gov/rmv/medical/policies/vision.htm

Personal Communications

Personal Conversation

Scott, Clifford. Conversation with: Cindy Hutchison. 2007 Oct 19.

Telephone Conversation

Scott, Clifford. Telephone conversation with: Claire Rork. 2007 Oct 19.